1. Which clade of mpox virus was primarily responsible for the 2022 outbreak?
1) Clade Ia
2) Clade Ib
3) Clade IIb
4) Clade IIa
2. When was smallpox eradicated?
1) 1970
2) 1980
3) 1990
4) 2000
3. What is the full form of APOBEC?
1) Apoprotein B mRNA editing complex
2) Apolipoprotein B mRNA enzyme complex
3) Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like
4) Apoprotein B mRNA enzyme catalytic protein-like
4. Which clade emerged as an important concern in Central Africa in late 2023?
1) Clade Ia
2) Clade Ib
3) Clade IIa
4) Clade IIb
5. Why do poxviruses have a lower mutation rate?
1) Due to APOBEC proteins
2) Due to slow replication
3) Due to their proofreading mechanisms
4) Due to genetic stability
6. What is Virologica?
1) A virus research center
2) A medical journal
3) An online scientists’ discussion forum
4) A vaccine development platform
7. When did Clade Ia first cause human infections?
1) 1960
2) 1970
3) 1980
4) 1990
8. How many main clades does mpox consist of?
1) One
2) Two
3) Three
4) Four
9. What is the primary function of APOBEC proteins in viral infection?
1) Enhance viral replication
2) Protect host cells
3) Introduce mutations in viral DNA
4) Block virus entry
10. Which clade is known for causing severe disease in animal models?
1) Clade I
2) Clade II
3) Clade IIa
4) Clade IIb
11. What recent change in Clade Ia has raised concerns?
1) Increased mortality rate
2) Resistance to vaccines
3) Human-to-human transmission capability
4) Faster replication rate
12. When did WHO declare mpox a public health emergency?
1) 2020 and 2021
2) 2021 and 2022
3) 2022 and 2023
4) 2023 and 2024
13. What primarily affects virus mutation rates during replication?
1) Host immune system
2) Polymerase enzyme errors
3) Environmental factors
4) Viral proteins
14. Which regions are most affected by mpox?
1) East and South Africa
2) North and South Africa
3) West and Central Africa
4) Central and East Africa
15. What challenge exists in current vaccination efforts in Africa?
1) Lack of trained personnel
2) Limited vaccine supplies
3) Poor infrastructure
4) Low public awareness
16. How many subclades are there in mpox virus?
1) Two
2) Three
3) Four
4) Five
17. What indicates that mpox has adapted to human hosts?
1) Increased mortality
2) Faster transmission
3) Increased APOBEC activity
4) Vaccine resistance
18. Which characteristic complicates public health responses to mpox?
1) Geographic spread
2) Variable response to antivirals
3) Mutation rate
4) Transmission speed
19. Clade Ia was historically known for which type of transmission?
1) Human-to-human
2) Animal-to-human
3) Vector-borne
4) Environmental
20. What is the current status of mpox vaccination strategies?
1) Globally standardized
2) Targeted campaigns
3) Universal vaccination
4) Discontinued
21. What is the main focus of current mpox research?
1) Vaccine development
2) Treatment protocols
3) Transmission and mutation dynamics
4) Geographic spread
22. How does APOBEC activity affect viral replication?
1) Enhances it
2) Hinders it
3) Has no effect
4) Accelerates it
23. Which clade requires the most urgent research attention?
1) Clade Ia
2) Clade Ib
3) Clade IIa
4) Clade IIb
24. What is the primary concern regarding mpox evolution?
1) Increased mortality
2) Enhanced transmission capability
3) Vaccine resistance
4) Geographic spread
25. What role does surveillance play in mpox control?
1) Vaccine distribution
2) Treatment planning
3) Monitoring virus evolution
4) Resource allocation